Före 1850 ansågs innovation vara något dåligt – ett hot mot rådande konventioner – men under hela 1900-talet och än idag kopplas innovation ihop med exempelvis ekonomisk tillväxt, konkurrenskraftighet och att kunna lösa sociala problem eller miljöproblem.
Innovationsforskning ska styras av verkliga behov
Innovation Innovation har länge kopplats ihop med andra begrepp som har positiva laddningar, men enligt flera kritiska röster har finansiärerna en ensidig bild av vad innovation är och bör vara. Andra menar att en styrande marknad inte är av ondo.

Foto: StockAdobe
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Helena Fornstedt är teknologie doktor vid institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik vid Uppsala universitet, och har skrivit en avhandling om varför synen på innovation bör uppdateras. Det faktum att innovation kopplades ihop med flera positiva begrepp gjorde att begreppet fick gräddfil i samhället under ett sekel förklarar hon.
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


